Epinephelus lanceolatus, Giant grouper : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium

Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790)

Giant grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Epinephelus lanceolatus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epinephelus lanceolatus (Giant grouper)
Epinephelus lanceolatus
Photo von To, W.-L.

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> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.

Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet Ökologie

seewasser; brackwasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich 1 - 200 m (Ref. 89972), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 37816). Tropical; 29°N - 39°S, 24°E - 122°W (Ref. 5222)

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Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to Algoa Bay, South Africa and eastward to the Hawaiian and Pitcairn islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia. Absence in the Persian Gulf is puzzling.

Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter

Geschlechtsreife: Lm ?, range 129 - ? cm
Max length : 270 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5213); common length : 190 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5450); max. veröff. Gewicht: 400.0 kg (Ref. 26367)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 11; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 14 - 16; Afterflossenstacheln: 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: robust body, its width 1.5-1.75 in body depth; body depth 2.3-3.4 in SL (for specimens 12-179 cm SL); head length 2.2-2.7 in SL; eye diameter 5.8-14 in HL; interorbital width 3.3 (at 177 cm SL) to 6.2 (at 12 cm SL) in HL; preopercle finely serrate, the corner rounded; upper edge of operculum convex; midlateral part of lower jaw with 2-3 rows of teeth (at 20-25 cm SL) increasing to 15-16 rows in specimen of 177 cm SL; canine teeth at front of jaws small or absent; pill rakers of first gill arch 8-10 + 14-17; dorsal fin third to eleventh spines subequal, shorter than longest soft rays; short pelvic fins, 23.0-2.7 in head length; caudal fin rounded; lateral-line scales 54-62, the anterior scales with branched tubules (except small juveniles). Colour: small juveniles (less than 15 cm) yellow, with 3 irregular black areas, the first from spinous dorsal fin to belly and chest and extending onto head, the second from base of soft dorsal fin to anal fin and the last at base of caudal fin; subadults (25-60 cm) with irregular white or yellow spots on the black areas and fins with black spots; adults (90-165 cm) dark brown with faint mottling, the fins with numerous small black spots; large adults 180-250 cm) dark brown, fins darker (Ref. 39231, 89707, 90102).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

The largest bony fish found in coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Individuals more than a meter long have been caught from shore and in harbors. Common in shallow waters. Found in caves or wrecks; also in estuaries. Juveniles secretive in reefs and rarely seen (Ref. 48635). Benthopelagic and benthic (Ref. 58302). Feed on spiny lobsters, fishes, including small sharks and batoids, and juvenile sea turtles and crustaceans. In South African estuaries, the main prey item is the mud crab, Scylla serrata. Unconfirmed reports of fatal attacks on humans. Nearly wiped out in heavily fished areas (Ref. 9710). Large individuals may be ciguatoxic (Ref. 37816). In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). It is not common enough to be of commercial importance; rare in some places due to spearfishing; also caught with hook-and-line and spear (Ref. 39231).

Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven

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Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Daten mangelhaft (DD) ; Date assessed: 18 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)





Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: kleinfischerei; Aquakultur: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja; Aquarium: Kommerziell
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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen

Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref. 123201): 24.3 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1346 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00555 - 0.02374), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.60 se; based on food items.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  sehr niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert mehr als 14 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100). 🛈
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nährstoffe (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 9.03 [3.72, 21.56] mg/100g; Iron = 0.376 [0.174, 0.785] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.0, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.104 [0.054, 0.200] g/100g; Selenium = 66.4 [30.6, 148.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 117 [25, 595] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.982 [0.614, 1.516] mg/100g (wet weight);