Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino associati a barriera corallina; non migratori; distribuzione batimetrica 4 - 55 m (Ref. 5222), usually 15 - 20 m (Ref. 89707). Tropical; 33°N - 10°N, 32°E - 66°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Indian Ocean: only from the northern end of the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf and coast of Pakistan. Records from elsewhere are apparently based on misidentifications of other species. Misidentified as Cephalopholis miniatus by Kuronuma & Abe (1986, Ref. 5999) from Kuwait.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5222); common length : 23.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5450); Età massima riportata: 26 anni (Ref. 1784)
Short description
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 9; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 8 - 10; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 8 - 10. distinguished by the following characteristics: body depth 2.7-3.0 in SL; head length 2.4-2.6 in SL; flat interorbital area; rounded preopercle, finely serrate, lower edge fleshy; distinctly convex upper edge of operculum; scaly maxilla, reaching to or somewhat beyond vertical at rear edge of eye; ctenoid body scales, without auxiliary scales (Ref. 089707).
In the Red Sea, it is often found on patchy open reef areas. Feeds diurnally on fishes (64%, mostly pomacentrids) and crustaceans (36%). It is a monogamous species, the pair jointly defends a common territory of up to 62 square m (Ref. 6480). Major threats include overfishing, lack of management and habitat loss (Ref. 089707).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Displays obligate monogamy where a one-to-one pair is established irrespective of resource abundance (Ref. 52884).
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: pesca di sussistenza
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.1 - 29.3, mean 27.3 °C (based on 46 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00590 - 0.02687), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 10.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (K=0.11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.4 [24.0, 76.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.5 [0.3, 1.0] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.154 [0.096, 0.249] g/100g; Selenium = 32.4 [17.4, 57.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 237 [72, 838] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.929 [0.638, 1.466] mg/100g (wet weight);
