分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 4 - 55 m (Ref. 5222), usually 15 - 20 m (Ref. 89707). 熱帶; 33°N - 10°N, 32°E - 66°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Indian Ocean: only from the northern end of the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf and coast of Pakistan. Records from elsewhere are apparently based on misidentifications of other species. Misidentified as Cephalopholis miniatus by Kuronuma & Abe (1986, Ref. 5999) from Kuwait.
西印度洋: 只從巴基斯坦的紅海到波斯灣與海岸的北方末端。 來自其他地方的紀錄是顯然地以其他種的誤鑑為依據。 被誤鑑成來自科威特的 Kuronuma& 亞伯 (1986, 參考文獻 5999) 的 Cephalopholis miniatus了。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5222); common length : 23.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大年齡: 26 年 (Ref. 1784)
背棘 (總數) : 9; 背的軟條 (總數) : 8 - 10; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 10. distinguished by the following characteristics: body depth 2.7-3.0 in SL; head length 2.4-2.6 in SL; flat interorbital area; rounded preopercle, finely serrate, lower edge fleshy; distinctly convex upper edge of operculum; scaly maxilla, reaching to or somewhat beyond vertical at rear edge of eye; ctenoid body scales, without auxiliary scales (Ref. 089707).
In the Red Sea, it is often found on patchy open reef areas. Feeds diurnally on fishes (64%, mostly pomacentrids) and crustaceans (36%). It is a monogamous species, the pair jointly defends a common territory of up to 62 square m (Ref. 6480). Major threats include overfishing, lack of management and habitat loss (Ref. 089707).
在紅海，它時常發現於零碎的開放礁區。 日行性在魚 (64%, 大部份雀鯛科) 與甲殼動物 (36%) 上為食。 它是一個一夫一妻的種, 對共同地防護向上到的普遍領土 62 平方公尺。 (參考文獻 6480)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Displays obligate monogamy where a one-to-one pair is established irrespective of resource abundance (Ref. 52884).西印度洋: 只從巴基斯坦的紅海到波斯灣與海岸的北方末端。 來自其他地方的紀錄是顯然地以其他種的誤鑑為依據。 被誤鑑成來自科威特的 Kuronuma& 亞伯 (1986, 參考文獻 5999) 的 Cephalopholis miniatus了。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 November 2016
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.1 - 29.3, mean 27.3 °C (based on 46 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00590 - 0.02687), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 10.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.4 [24.0, 76.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.5 [0.3, 1.0] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.154 [0.096, 0.249] g/100g; Selenium = 32.4 [17.4, 57.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 237 [72, 838] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.929 [0.638, 1.466] mg/100g (wet weight);
