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Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) >
Polynemidae (Threadfins)
Etymology: Polydactylus: Greek, poly = a lot of + greek, daktylos = finger (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau dasar (demersal); katadromus (ruaya dari air tawar ke laut) (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 0 - 6 m (Ref. 57343). Tropical; 5°S - 28°S, 121°E - 154°E (Ref. 57343)
Indo-West Pacific: southern New Guinea and northern Australia.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 170 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 6390); common length : 48.0 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 9685); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 45.0 kg (Ref. 9685); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 20 Tahun (Ref. 6390)
Body without spots nor stripes. Pectoral fin rays unbranched; 4th pectoral filament long, 40-53% of SL. Second spine of dorsal fin more robust than the rest. Posterior margin of maxilla extending considerably beyond level of posterior margin of adipose eyelid. Lower tip of 7th proximal pterygiophore of 1st dorsal fin directed backward. Lateral squamation on caudal fin unbranched (Ref. 40970).
Found in shallow, turbid waters coastal waters, estuaries, mangrove creeks, and mangrove-lined rivers (Ref. 57343), over sandbanks and mud substrates (Ref. 6390). Usually forms loose schools, although larger fish are more often observed in pairs or singly (Ref. 6390). Feeds on prawns and fish. Protandrous hermaphrodites.
King threadfin between 70 cm and 100 cm FL may be transitional hermaphrodites (they possess mature male and immature female reproductive tissue, and function as males (Ref. 28736)). However, most king threadfin less than 80 cm FL are males and most more than 95 cm FL are females (Ref. 28737). Transitional king threadfin are most often found in the months of June, July, August and September (Ref. 6390).
There is little information on the larvae, although nursery areas are known to be inshore, shallow and of low salinity (Ref. 6390).
Motomura, H., 2004. Threadfins of the world (Family Polynemidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of polynemid species known to date. FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. Rome: FAO. 3:117 p. (Ref. 57343)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.8 - 28.9, mean 28 °C (based on 575 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00311 - 0.01469), b=3.10 (2.93 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 7.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (tmax=20).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
