Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
морской; солоноватоводный ассоциированный с рифами; немигрирующий; пределы глубины 1 - 100 m (Ref. 9661), usually 1 - 50 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 42°N - 35°S, 18°E - 123°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea (Ref. 12541) and East Africa (Ref. 12484) to the Marquesan and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Island (Ref. 9710).
Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 3141); common length : 40.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 9661)
Краткое описание
определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 8 - 9; колючие лучи анального плавника: 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 8 - 9. Cryptic coloring ranges from green and olive to orange with blue spots (Ref. 3141). Caudal fin rays 9-10 (Ref. 1602).
Inhabit inshore on coastal muddy or sandy habitats in still bays, and commonly found in harbours and estuaries. Small juveniles on protected shallow mudflats (Ref. 48637). Found in weedy areas near rocks or reefs. Juveniles often near river mouths and in brackish water. Adults are solitary, juveniles often form small groups (Ref. 1602). Large adults are shy (Ref. 48637). Feed on benthic invertebrates by blowing away the sand (Ref. 1602). Readily dried and used to make ornaments (Ref. 12484).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Угроза для людей
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 4690)
Использование человеком
рыболовство: интереса не представляет; аквариум: коммерческий
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.9 - 28.4, mean 27.2 °C (based on 532 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02042 (0.01210 - 0.03446), b=2.77 (2.62 - 2.92), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): высокий, минимальное время удвоения популяции до 15 месяцев (Fec assumed to be > 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.3 [14.7, 91.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.579 [0.299, 1.289] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.4, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.126 [0.066, 0.240] g/100g; Selenium = 44.7 [22.1, 94.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 36.7 [9.9, 143.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.13 [0.75, 1.68] mg/100g (wet weight);
