Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino; salmastro associati a barriera corallina; distribuzione batimetrica 1 - 30 m (Ref. 34095). Subtropical; 25°S - 38°S
Western Pacific: Queensland to Victoria, Australia.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 4690)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 15 - 16; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 7 - 9; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 5; Vertebre: 26 - 27. Presence of a large horizontal spine below the eye, a dorsal fin which originates just behind the posterior edge of the eye, and venomous dorsal spines.
Found in seagrass beds in estuaries (extremely common during reproductive season in the austral Spring) and coastal bays, and sponge gardens on inshore reefs. Venomous dorsal spines often inflict a painful sting to fishers (Ref. 34095, 39597). Of no commercial importance but often entrapped in fishing gears such as trawls and can be dangerous to fishermen who attempt to remove these (Ref. 39597).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Human uses
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.6 - 24.2, mean 20.7 °C (based on 105 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 51.7 [17.2, 144.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.661 [0.315, 1.457] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.1, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.348 [0.142, 0.957] g/100g; Selenium = 10.4 [4.3, 25.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 104 [31, 354] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.37 [0.86, 2.17] mg/100g (wet weight);
