分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays) > Potamotrygoninae
Etymology: Potamotrygon: Greek, potamos = river + Greek, trygon = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Müller & Henle.
Issue
Authorship of species is credited to Müller & Henle (1841) and not Naterrer (who collected the type specimen) as in Rosa (1985a). A widespread species that may require further subdivision after more study. Studies of its reproductive biology indicate that females attain sexual maturity between 24 and 32 cm DW (males between 20 and 30 cm DW), and may produce from three to 21 embryos per gestation (Achenbach & Achencbach, 1976) or only six or seven (Thorson et al., 1983b; these differences may be populational). Larger specimens may weigh 10 kg. This species has been captively bred in aquaria, but is still the most comercially imported species by the aquarium industry. Additional references: Bertin (1939), Castex & Castello (1970b), Achenbach & Achenbach (1976), Thorson et al. (1983b), Sérét & McEachran (1986), Ortega & Vari (1986), Paepke & Schmidt (1988), Barriga (1991), Compagno & Cook (1995), Lasso et al. (1997a), Ferreira et al. (1998), Britski et al. (1999).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; pH range: 5.0 - 6.0; dH range: 10 - ?; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 24°C - 26°C (Ref. 2060)
South America: Uruguay, Paraná-Paraguay, Orinoco, and Amazon River basins.
南美洲: 烏拉圭, Parana-巴拉圭，奧里諾科河與亞馬遜河流域。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 36687); 最大体重: 34.2 kg (Ref. 85107)
Found in freshwater rivers. It is an extremely dangerous species. Maximum length reported in Axelrod et al., 1991 (Ref. 6398) is 100 cm TL.
发现于淡水的河了。 它是一个非常危险的种。 最大的长度在 Axelrod 等人报告。,1991(参考文献 6398) 是 100 公分TL。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
16 pups were born by one female in captivity (Ref. 57489).南美洲: 烏拉圭, Parana-巴拉圭，奧里諾科河與亞馬遜河流域。
Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari, 1986. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25. (Ref. 6329)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 6.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec=16).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
