分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 非产卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 22°N - 19°N
Oceania: Hawaii. Reported from USA (Ref. 3881).
大洋洲: 夏威夷。 記錄來自美國了。 (參考文獻 3881)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 44091)
Generally brown to black in color; pelvic fins separate rather than fused into a disc; young fish <2.5 cm long are distinctively jet black on the upper body and lighter on the sides and belly (Ref. 44091).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
通常褐色到黑色的; 腹鳍分开而不愿融合成一个体盘; 幼鱼 <2.5 公分长特殊地在身体上半部上是墨黑色与颜色淡的侧边上与腹面.(参考文献 44091)
Found in both altered and unaltered streams, but being unable to climb waterfalls restricts its habitat to the lower reaches of streams and estuaries; can be observed darting into the mud and leaf litter, or sheltering among rocks and cobble, rarely showing in the open; highly predaceous on various invertebrates, e.g. slow-moving thiarid snails and asiatic clams, and fishes; traditionally caught with a baited hook attached to a short stick (fishing method called kiomo'omo); relished as a food item, particularly when wrapped with leaves and roasted; now prized as bait by near-shore papio fisherman (Ref. 44091).
发现于改变与未被改变的溪流, 但是不能攀登瀑布限制对溪流与河口的下面范围的它的栖息地; 能被观察进入泥与腐叶之内冲出, 或在岩石与圆石之中隐匿, 很少地在露天下显示; 高度食肉在各种不同的无脊椎动物, 例如缓慢移动的 thiarid 蜗牛与 asiatic 蛤 , 与鱼上; 传统地捕获了一个有诱饵的鱼钩依附于一根短的树枝了;(钓鱼方法被称为 kiomo'omo) 品尝作为一个食物, 特别地当以树叶包装而且烤了; 现在珍视如近岸 papio 渔夫的诱饵。 (参考文献 44091)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
大洋洲: 夏威夷。 記錄來自美國了。 (參考文獻 3881)
Tinker, S.W., 1978. Fishes of Hawaii, a handbook of the marine fishes of Hawaii and the Central Pacific Ocean. Hawaiian Service Inc., Honolulu. 568 p. (Ref. 583)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 诱饵: usually
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00655 - 0.02653), b=3.19 (3.01 - 3.37), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.9 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
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