分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡形目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Coiliinae
Etymology: Coilia: Greek, koilia, -as = abdomen, hollow (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). 熱帶; 24°N - 9°S, 70°E - 118°E (Ref. 189)
Indian Ocean: India from Bombay to Calcutta, probably also Myanmar, Thailand and Malaysia. Western Central Pacific: Thailand to Java, presumably also Kalimantan). Valenciennes listed a specimen from Mahé which lies to the south of Cannanore, India but there is no such specimen in Paris.
印度洋: 從孟買到加爾各答的印度, 可能也緬甸，泰國與馬來西亞。 中西太平洋: 泰國到爪哇, 可能也加里曼丹). Valenciennes 列出了來自位於印度的坎納諾爾南方的 Mahe 的一件標本，但是在巴黎沒有如此的標本。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 1 - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9822); common length : 17.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9822)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 80. Body tapering, belly rounded before pelvic fins, with 5 or 6 (rarely 4) + 7 to 9 = 12 to 15 keeled scutes from just behind pectoral fin base to anus. Maxilla short. Pectoral fin with 6 long filaments and 9 to 11 (rarely 8) branched fin rays. Flanks and belly with golden or pearly spots (light organs) in rows below scales, also along isthmus, edge of lower jaw, on cheek and gill cover.
身體尖端細的, 腹面圓形的以前腹鰭有 5 或 6(很少地 4)+7 到 9=12 到 15個從在胸鰭基底正後方到肛門的有龍骨的鱗甲。 顎骨短。 胸鰭有 6個長的絲狀突起與 9 到 11(很少地 8)個分枝的鰭條。 側面而且在鱗片之下在列中腹面有金或者淺藍灰色斑點 (發光器), 也沿著峽部，下頜的邊緣, 在頰與鰓蓋上。
A coastal and estuarine species, occurring in fully saline water, but also able to tolerate lowered salinities, perhaps almost fresh water. Feeds on copepods, prawn and fish larvae, various unidentified crustaceans and cypris, also stomatopod larvae, mysids, polychaete larvae, isopods and Sagitta. The breeding season is perhaps extended; probably entering estuaries to breed (larvae about 5 km up Burhabalang estuary, Orissa, India in May and June). Utilized as a food fish (Ref. 171).
被出現在純海水的一個海岸而河口的種, 也能容忍低鹽度, 也許幾乎淡水。 吃橈腳類的動物，蝦與仔魚，各種不同的未確認的甲殼動物與鯉科魚類, 也口足目幼生,糠蝦, 多毛類的仔魚，等足目動物與 矢耳石 . 繁殖季節也許被延伸; 可能進入河口到繁殖。 (仔魚大約 5個公里上游 Burhabalang 河口，奧里薩 , 印度在五月與六月) 作為食用魚.(參考文獻 171)
Breeding season is perhaps extended. Spawn in school (Ref. 205).印度洋: 從孟買到加爾各答的印度, 可能也緬甸，泰國與馬來西亞。 中西太平洋: 泰國到爪哇, 可能也加里曼丹). Valenciennes 列出了來自位於印度的坎納諾爾南方的 Mahe 的一件標本，但是在巴黎沒有如此的標本。
Wongratana, T., T.A. Munroe and M. Nizinski, 1999. Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. p. 1698-1753. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9822)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 February 2018
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.6 - 29.3, mean 28.7 °C (based on 640 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00355 (0.00194 - 0.00650), b=3.01 (2.85 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 0.9 (0.8 - 1.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tm=0.5-0.6; K=1.07-1.54; Fec=1,000-5,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 398 [117, 1,022] mg/100g; Iron = 2.56 [0.78, 7.00] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [14.5, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.306 [0.155, 0.612] g/100g; Selenium = 50.5 [22.8, 113.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.1 [5.4, 46.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.62 [0.78, 3.23] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
