分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). 熱帶; 25°N - 9°S, 69°E - 117°E (Ref. 189)
Indo-West Pacific: western coast of India to Myanmar and south to Java, Indonesia.
印度-西太平洋: 印度到緬甸的西岸而且南至印尼爪哇。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 13.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 19.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55634); 20.5 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 60.70 g (Ref. 55634); 最大體重: 60.70 g
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 29 - 37. Belly with 24 to 32 keeled scutes from isthmus to anus. Tip of snout on a level with eye center. Maxilla long, reaching to or almost to base of first pectoral fin ray; first supra-maxilla oval, minute. Lower gill rakers with serrae on the inner edge even and not clumped. A dark blotch behind upper part of gill opening.
腹面有 24 到 32個從峽部到肛門的有龍骨的鱗甲。 在一個水平上的吻尖用眼集中。 顎骨長的, 延伸到或幾乎到第一個胸鰭鰭條的基底; 第一個上顎骨橢圓形, 細小的。 在內緣上下鰓耙有鋸齒甚至而不是形成一叢。 在鰓裂的上半部後面的一個黑色斑塊。
Found in coastal pelagic waters and often observed as entering mangroves and adjacent brackish waters (Ref. 43081). Juveniles and adults may penetrate the upper reaches where mixohaline-mesohaline conditions prevail. Eggs and larvae are found in the lower reaches of the mangroves (Ref. 43081). A schooling species found mostly inshore. Feed on planktonic organisms in coastal waters (Ref. 43081). Juveniles in mangroves feed on larvae of shrimps and fish (Ref. 43081). Confusions in identification make all previous biological studies unreliable. One of the commonest species of Thryssa (if identifications have been correct).
發現於海岸的大洋性的水域了而且時常被觀察到進入紅樹林與毗連的半鹹淡水域.(參考文獻 43081) 稚魚與成魚可能深入上游在哪裡 mixohaline-中鹽度的環境採用。 卵與仔魚被發現於紅樹林的下面範圍。 (參考文獻 43081) 一個群游性魚種大部分發現於近海了。 在沿岸水域中捕食浮游性生物。 (參考文獻 43081) 稚魚在紅樹林吃蝦與魚的仔魚.(參考文獻 43081) 在鑑定的混淆使所有的先前生物學的研究不可靠。 Thryssa 的最普通種之一.(如果鑑定曾經正確的)
印度-西太平洋: 印度到緬甸的西岸而且南至印尼爪哇。
Wongratana, T., T.A. Munroe and M. Nizinski, 1999. Order Clupeiformes. Engraulidae. Anchovies. p. 1698-1753. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9822)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 December 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.8 - 29.2, mean 28.6 °C (based on 648 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00375 - 0.00968), b=3.02 (2.89 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.76).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).
