Teleostei >
Centrarchiformes (Basses) >
Kuhliidae (Aholeholes)
Etymology: Kuhlia: Because of Heindrich Kuhl, 1797-1821; researcher also with lizards (Gekkonidae).
More on author: Forster.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 3 - 18 m (Ref. 5227). 熱帶; 32°N - 32°S
Indo-Pacific and Eastern Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the eastern Pacific, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales and Lord Howe Island. Absent from Easter Island, Pitcairn, Marquesas, Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Island.
印度-太平洋與東太平洋: 紅海而且東非到東太平洋, 北至日本南部, 南至新南威爾斯與羅得豪島。 復活島，皮特凱恩島，馬可薩斯島，夏威夷群島與詹斯頓島沒有出現。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4967); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 30573)
背棘 (总数) : 10; 背的软条 (总数) : 10 - 11; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 12. Preorbital serrae 11-14; body depth 2.75-3.05 in SL; caudal concavity 1.85-2.6 in head length; Silvery, the front of snout and chin blackish; caudal fin white with a median dark stripe and two broad oblique black bands across each lobe, the lobe tips white; a dusky band in outer part of soft portion of dorsal fin except for white tip of high anterior part. Juveniles (2.0-3.0 cm SL) have the median and outer black bands in the caudal fin lobes, but the middle band is represented only by a black spot basally in the outer part of each lobe (Ref. 41640).
眶前骨锯齿 11-14; 体高 2.75-3.05 分之一标准体长; 尾部的凹洼 1.85-2.6 分之一头长; 银色的, 吻部前面与下巴黑色的; 尾鳍白色的有横过每个叶的一条中央的深色斑纹与二条宽的斜黑色的条纹叶顶端白色; 在背鳍的柔软部位的外部部份的一条暗色的条纹除了高的前部的白色顶端。 稚鱼 (2.0-3.0 公分 SL) 在尾鳍叶中有中央而外部的黑色条纹，但是中央的条纹在每个叶的外部部份中被基部地只出现一个黑色的斑点。 (参考文献 41640)
Tightly packed schools occur along the reef margin of rocky shorelines, from just below the breaking surf to a depth of a few meters. Young commonly in tide pools (Ref. 41640). Sometimes found in estuaries but reported to never enter freshwater environments (Ref. 41640). Feeds on free-swimming crustaceans and small fishes at night (Ref. 5213). Utilized fresh or dried salted (Ref. 7271).
紧密的鱼群生活在沿着岩岸的礁边缘, 从在碎浪区到深度几公尺正下方。 幼鱼通常在潮池中。 (参考文献 41640) 有时发现于河口但是从不报告进入淡水的环境.(参考文献 41640) 吃游离于水中甲壳动物与小鱼在晚上。 (参考文献 5213) 生鲜使用或乾燥盐腌.(参考文献 7271)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
印度-太平洋與東太平洋: 紅海而且東非到東太平洋, 北至日本南部, 南至新南威爾斯與羅得豪島。 復活島，皮特凱恩島，馬可薩斯島，夏威夷群島與詹斯頓島沒有出現。
Randall, J.E. and H.A. Randall, 2001. Review of the fishes of the genus Kuhlia (Perciformes: Kuhliidae) of the Central Pacific. Pac. Sci. 55(3):227-256. (Ref. 41640)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29.3, mean 28.3 °C (based on 3387 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00591 - 0.03375), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 44 [26, 71] mg/100g; Iron = 0.575 [0.354, 0.901] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [18.2, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.133 [0.085, 0.208] g/100g; Selenium = 22.8 [12.7, 39.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 151 [50, 462] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.33 [0.94, 1.83] mg/100g (wet weight);
