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Centrarchiformes (Basses) >
Kuhliidae (Aholeholes)
Etymology: Kuhlia: Because of Heindrich Kuhl, 1797-1821; researcher also with lizards (Gekkonidae).
More on author: Forster.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 3 - 18 m (Ref. 5227). Tropical; 32°N - 32°S
Indo-Pacific and Eastern Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the eastern Pacific, north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales and Lord Howe Island. Absent from Easter Island, Pitcairn, Marquesas, Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Island.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4967); common length : 20.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 30573)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 10; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 10 - 11; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 10 - 12. Preorbital serrae 11-14; body depth 2.75-3.05 in SL; caudal concavity 1.85-2.6 in head length; Silvery, the front of snout and chin blackish; caudal fin white with a median dark stripe and two broad oblique black bands across each lobe, the lobe tips white; a dusky band in outer part of soft portion of dorsal fin except for white tip of high anterior part. Juveniles (2.0-3.0 cm SL) have the median and outer black bands in the caudal fin lobes, but the middle band is represented only by a black spot basally in the outer part of each lobe (Ref. 41640).
Tightly packed schools occur along the reef margin of rocky shorelines, from just below the breaking surf to a depth of a few meters. Young commonly in tide pools (Ref. 41640). Sometimes found in estuaries but reported to never enter freshwater environments (Ref. 41640). Feeds on free-swimming crustaceans and small fishes at night (Ref. 5213). Utilized fresh or dried salted (Ref. 7271).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Randall, J.E. and H.A. Randall, 2001. Review of the fishes of the genus Kuhlia (Perciformes: Kuhliidae) of the Central Pacific. Pac. Sci. 55(3):227-256. (Ref. 41640)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; حوض مائي: احواض مائية عامة; طعم: usually
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.5 - 29.3, mean 28.3 °C (based on 3387 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00591 - 0.03375), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 44 [26, 71] mg/100g; Iron = 0.575 [0.354, 0.901] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [18.2, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.133 [0.085, 0.208] g/100g; Selenium = 22.8 [12.7, 39.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 151 [50, 462] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.33 [0.94, 1.83] mg/100g (wet weight);
