Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; brak water rifbewoner; diepte 2 - 178 m (Ref. 86942), usually 15 - 75 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 30°N - 35°S
Indo-Pacific: East Africa and Persian Gulf to the Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Island. Throughout Micronesia.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 5372); common length : 15.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 5450)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 11 - 12; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 22 - 27; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 17 - 19.
Inhabit deep, protected lagoons and channels, and the deeper parts of outer reef slopes. Juveniles are often solitary while adults occur in pairs (Ref. 1602, 48636). A planktivorous species that generally remains within a few meters of the reef. Juveniles may sometimes pick on parasites on the epidermis of other fish (Ref. 5503). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205).
Steene, R.C., 1978. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. A.H. & A.W. Reed Pty Ltd., Australia. vol. 1. 144 p. (Ref. 4859)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; Aquacultuur: commercieel; Aquarium: Commercieel
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.6 - 29.1, mean 27.9 °C (based on 2680 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02291 (0.01452 - 0.03614), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 65 [32, 111] mg/100g; Iron = 0.654 [0.391, 1.110] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.148 [0.089, 0.254] g/100g; Selenium = 41.9 [21.5, 82.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 44.9 [11.8, 164.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.27 [0.85, 1.82] mg/100g (wet weight);
