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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡形目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Encrasicholina: Greek, egkrasicholos, -os, -on = mixed with spleen.
More on author: Whitley.
Issue
formerly ENGR Stol 7
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類. 熱帶; 32°N - 28°S, 43°E - 173°W (Ref. 189)
Indo-Pacific: widespread in the northern part of the Indian Ocean (Gulf of Aden, but apparently not the Red Sea nor Kenya, the Persian Gulf, India, Andaman Islands) and Western Central Pacific (Indonesia, Thailand, north to at least Taiwan Island, south to northern Australia; also eastward to Fiji and Tonga).
印度-太平洋: 在印度洋 (亞丁灣, 但是顯然地不紅海也不肯亞，波斯灣，印度, 安達曼群島) 的北部與中西太平洋廣泛分佈 (印尼 , 泰國,北至至少台灣島, 南至澳洲北部; 也向東至斐濟與東加).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 6.1, range 4 - ? cm
Max length : 9.7 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 55634); 10.0 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 8.00 g (Ref. 55634); 最大體重: 8.00 g
臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 18 - 20. Diagnosis: Body rather cylindrical, belly rounded, with 5-6, rarely 3 or 4, sharp needle-like pre-pelvic scutes; maxilla tip pointed, projecting beyond second supra-maxilla and reaching to sub-operculum; isthmus short, preceded by a small bony plate on urohyal between branchial membranes; lower gillrakers 20-27; unbranched dorsal and anal finrays 3, anal fin short, with usually 15-17 branched finrays; in life, a bright silver band on flank, with a thin blue line above, back blue/grey (Ref. 189). It closely resembles Encrasicholina heteroloba, which has only 2 unbranched dorsal and anal finrays, a dull silver/grey band on flank, and the back beige; Encrasicholina oligobranchus has only 17-18 gillrakers; other species of Encrasicholina have a fleshy urohyal plate and a maxilla tip blunt and not projecting beyond the second supra-maxilla; species of Stolephorus have a long isthmus reaching to the margin of the branchial membrane (Ref. 189).
腹面圓形的 5 或 6(很少地 3 或 4)個銳利的針狀前腹鰭鱗甲。 顎骨頂端尖的, 突出的超過第二個上顎骨而且延伸到子鰓蓋。 峽部短, 在鰓蓋膜之間的尾舌骨上前面有一個小的多骨碟了。 不分枝的背鰭棘條與臀鰭棘條。 活著時，在側面上的一條亮銀色條紋,具有一個細的藍色線在上面; 背面藍色或灰色的。
群游種。 出現於河口的與近岸水域。 可能主要捕食浮游性甲殼動物。 全年繁殖, 顛峰期在新愛爾蘭水域在五月到六月或七月期間與可能地也在十一月到十一月。 卵是橢圓形的, 在一端沒有癤瘤。
印度-太平洋: 在印度洋 (亞丁灣, 但是顯然地不紅海也不肯亞，波斯灣，印度, 安達曼群島) 的北部與中西太平洋廣泛分佈 (印尼 , 泰國,北至至少台灣島, 南至澳洲北部; 也向東至斐濟與東加).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
工具
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.1 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3195 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00464 - 0.00651), b=3.12 (3.08 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=2.00-5.04; tm=0.29; tmax=1.7).
Prior r = 1.19, 95% CL = 0.79 - 1.79, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 239 [65, 779] mg/100g; Iron = 1.47 [0.53, 3.85] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [17.2, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.207 [0.089, 0.481] g/100g; Selenium = 39.9 [12.9, 127.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.5 [9.1, 191.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.21 [1.24, 5.33] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
![Image of Encrasicholina devisi (Devis\](/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Endev_u0.jpg "Image of Encrasicholina devisi (Devis\")
