Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino demersale; oceanodromo (Ref. 41500), usually 5 - 150 m (Ref. 36453). Subtropical; - 53°S
Southwest Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Patagonia, Argentina.
Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm 21.2  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm NG maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 36453)
Short description
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 75 - 89; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 60 - 71. Dark spots on ocular side irregularly and two dark small spots at end of both dorsal and anal fin bases on blind side symmetrically (Ref. 27363).
Feeds on amphipods, small crabs and polychaetes (Ref. 36453). In spring mature individuals migrate to 37°S and southwards to spawn and in autumn migrate offshore for feeding and growing (Ref. 41500).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Nakamura, I., T. Inada, M. Takeda and H. Hatanaka, 1986. Important fishes trawled off Patagonia. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo. 369 p. (Ref. 27363)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.3 - 22.9, mean 12.1 °C (based on 642 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00264 - 0.00688), b=3.22 (3.08 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.49 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).