Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecología
marino; agua dulce; salobre demersal; catadromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 0 - 25 m (Ref. 121789). Tropical; 21°N - 20°S, 18°W - 16°E
Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm 17.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm FL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 57400); common length : 27.0 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 7399); peso máximo publicado: 262.00 g (Ref. 55664)
Espinas anales: 3; Radios blandos anales: 10 - 12. Diagnosis: anal fin with at least 13 (usually 14) rays in total (usually III-11 in adults)(Ref. 81659), 10-11 anal soft rays (Ref. 57400). Scales on flanks cycloid; posterior end of maxilla weakly curved or almost straight; serrate, anteroventral edge of lachrymal weakly concave (Ref. 81659). 12-15 scales in an oblique, transverse series; colour of fins greyish-white; second dorsal, pectoral fins and anal fin distinctly falcate (Ref. 57400).
Euryhaline, tolerating conditions varying from hypersaline to freshwater; favours sandy or muddy substrates (Ref. 81659). Very common in coastal lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 2683, 57400, 81659). Also caught in hypersaline environments (Ref. 57400) and freshwaters (Ref. 7399, 57400, 81659) several kilometres upstream in rivers (Ref. 81659). Feed on plankton and detritus (Ref. 28587). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Spawning may occur in lagoons or in the sea (Ref. 81659). Possibly reaches up to 500mm FL (Ref. 57400, 81659).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Thomson, J.M., 1990. Mugilidae. p. 855-859. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7399)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesquerías: comercial
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.5 - 27.9, mean 26.5 °C (based on 62 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00978 - 0.01287), b=2.94 (2.90 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliencia (Ref.
120179): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 185 [87, 385] mg/100g; Iron = 1.28 [0.62, 2.58] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.8, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.335 [0.171, 0.717] g/100g; Selenium = 48.6 [25.0, 100.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.5 [5.1, 48.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.56 [1.10, 2.25] mg/100g (wet weight);
