分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes) >
Callichthyidae (Callichthyid armored catfishes) > Callichthyinae
Etymology: Hoplosternum: Greek, hoplon = weapon + Greek, sternon = chest (Ref. 45335).
Issue
See Reis (1997) for phylogeny and Reis (1998) for detailed description.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 1 - ? m (Ref. 11225). 亞熱帶的; 18°C - 26°C (Ref. 2060); 11°N - 37°S
South America: Most Cis-Andean South American river drainages north of Buenos Aires, Argentina (Ref. 37395). Introduced in the USA (Ref. 104645).
南美洲: 阿根廷布宜諾斯艾利斯大多數 Cis-安第斯山脈南美洲河流域北方。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 16.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 26.3 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 104645); 最大年龄: 4 年 (Ref. 51639)
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Inhabits swamps (Ref. 11225). During the rainy season, adults consume a great quantity of chironomids associated with detritus. During the dry season, they feed mostly on terrestrial insects, micro-crustaceans, aquatic Diptera, and detritus. Absorbs a great quantity of anaerobic bacteria from the substrate (Ref. 27188). First reproduction occurs after one year (Ref. 35381). Used to be cultured commercially in Guyana (Ref. 7306). Cultured in Trinidad on a semi-commercial scale (Ref. 11225).
栖息于沼泽。 (参考文献 11225) 在雨季的时候，成鱼消费被伴随着碎屑的宝刀鱼的大量。 在乾季的时候，他们大部分吃陆栖的昆虫，细小的甲壳动物，水生的双翅类，与碎屑。 吸收没有空气而能生活细菌从底部的大量。 (参考文献 27188) 第一个繁殖在一年之后出现。 (参考文献 35381) 在圭亚那用于商业性地养殖了。 (参考文献 7306) 养殖在一个半-商业的鳞片上的特立尼达和多巴哥中了。 (参考文献 11225)
Reproduction begins with the rainy season (December-January). The male, at times helped by the female, builds a nest made of a cluster of mucus bubbles and vegetal matter. Responding to a nuptial parade, the female lays down her eggs (5,000 to 20,000, measuring1.8 mm in diameter) which are fertilized by sprinkling sperm previously collected in her mouth. The male guards the eggs during incubation and becomes very aggressive (Ref. 35381).南美洲: 阿根廷布宜諾斯艾利斯大多數 Cis-安第斯山脈南美洲河流域北方。
Reis, R.E., 1997. Revision of the neotropical catfish genus Hoplosternum (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes: Callichthyidae), with the description of two new genera and three new species. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 7(3-4):299-326. (Ref. 26144)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01950 (0.01418 - 0.02681), b=3.00 (2.91 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=4; K=0.6-1.3; Fec = 5,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).
