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Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch, 1790)

Highfin grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Epinephelus maculatus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epinephelus maculatus (Highfin grouper)
Epinephelus maculatus
Picture by Kochzius, M.

Classification / Names आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; गहराई सीमा 2 - 100 m (Ref. 37816). Tropical; 29°N - 34°S, 96°E - 170°W (Ref. 5222)

वितरण देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | Point map | भूमिका | Faunafri

Pacific Ocean: Cocos-Keeling Islands to Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to southeastern Australia and Lord Howe Island (Ref. 37816).

Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: Lm ?, range 35 - ? cm
Max length : 60.5 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 5525)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 11; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 15 - 17; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 8. Brown spots evenly distributed and packed into hexagonal shapes only on adults which are generally larger (>25 to 45 cm); front portion of spinous dorsal fin about 50% taller than on other species at all sizes (Ref. 37816); small juveniles black with white blotches, becoming more spotted with age (Ref. 48635); further characterized by having ctenoid scales on body; auxiliary scales on body; greatest depth of body 2.7-3.1 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins 1.7-2.0 in head length (Ref. 90102); head length 2.4-2.6 times in SL; flat to slightly convex interorbital area, convex dorsal head profile; preopercle with shallow indentation just above the enlarged serrae at angle; straight or slightly convex upper edge of operculum, posterior and anterior nostrils subequal; maxilla reaches to or past vertical at rear edge of eye, ventral edge with blunt hook-like process distally in fish larger than 35 cm SL; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).

जीवविज्ञान     शब्द संग्रह (उदाहरणार्थ epibenthic)

Juveniles are found in shallow coral rubble, adults in isolated coral heads of lagoon and seaward reefs to depths of 82 m. Feeds mainly on sand-dwelling fishes and crustaceans, sometimes on octopuses. In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). May be ciguatoxic in certain areas (Ref. 37816). Solitary, often seen on open sand and base of reefs (Ref 90102).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 January 2017

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Reports of ciguatera poisoning





Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य; जलजीवालय: सार्वजनिक लजीवालय
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

अधिक जानकारी

Trophic ecology
खाद्य पदार्थ
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
परभक्षी
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
पुनरुत्पत्ति
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
लार्वा
लारवल गतिकी
Distribution
देश
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Anatomy
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दिमाग
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
मत्स्य आवाज़े
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
आनुवंशिकी
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Heritabilities
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संदर्भ

साधन

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.3 - 28.8, mean 27.6 °C (based on 698 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00731 - 0.01723), b=3.00 (2.88 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
लौटाव (Ref. 120179):  माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.28).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 30.4 [15.3, 63.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.616 [0.310, 1.274] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.0, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.13 [0.08, 0.21] g/100g; Selenium = 42.7 [22.8, 86.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 186 [49, 696] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.72, 1.57] mg/100g (wet weight);