Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch, 1790)
Highfin grouper
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Epinephelus maculatus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
分類 / 名稱 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍 生態學
分布 領土 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
Pacific Ocean: Cocos-Keeling Islands to Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to southeastern Australia and Lord Howe Island (Ref. 37816).
太平洋: 可可群島-基靈群島到薩摩亞, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲東南部與羅得豪島.(參考文獻 37816)
太平洋: 可可群島-基靈群島到薩摩亞, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲東南部與羅得豪島.(參考文獻 37816)
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Brown spots evenly distributed and packed into hexagonal shapes only on adults which are generally larger (>25 to 45 cm); front portion of spinous dorsal fin about 50% taller than on other species at all sizes (Ref. 37816); small juveniles black with white blotches, becoming more spotted with age (Ref. 48635); further characterized by having ctenoid scales on body; auxiliary scales on body; greatest depth of body 2.7-3.1 in SL; rounded caudal fin; pelvic fins 1.7-2.0 in head length (Ref. 90102); head length 2.4-2.6 times in SL; flat to slightly convex interorbital area, convex dorsal head profile; preopercle with shallow indentation just above the enlarged serrae at angle; straight or slightly convex upper edge of operculum, posterior and anterior nostrils subequal; maxilla reaches to or past vertical at rear edge of eye, ventral edge with blunt hook-like process distally in fish larger than 35 cm SL; 2 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
褐色的斑點均勻地只有在成魚身上分佈了而且擠入了六角形的形狀那是通常比較大的;(>25 對 45 cm) 關於 50% 的刺狀背鰭的前部高的超過在其他的種上大小不一.(參考文獻 37816) 小的稚魚黑色的有白色的斑塊, 變成更多斑點的隨著年齡。 (參考文獻 48635)
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
褐色的斑點均勻地只有在成魚身上分佈了而且擠入了六角形的形狀那是通常比較大的;(>25 對 45 cm) 關於 50% 的刺狀背鰭的前部高的超過在其他的種上大小不一.(參考文獻 37816) 小的稚魚黑色的有白色的斑塊, 變成更多斑點的隨著年齡。 (參考文獻 48635)
Juveniles are found in shallow coral rubble, adults in isolated coral heads of lagoon and seaward reefs to depths of 82 m. Feeds mainly on sand-dwelling fishes and crustaceans, sometimes on octopuses. In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). May be ciguatoxic in certain areas (Ref. 37816). Solitary, often seen on open sand and base of reefs (Ref 90102).
稚魚被發現於水淺的珊瑚殘礫,成魚在隔離了潟湖與臨海礁石到深度 82 公尺的珊瑚頂部。 主要吃棲息於砂中的魚與甲殼動物, 有時吃章魚。 在香港活魚販售。 (參考文獻 27253) 在特定的區域中的可能具有熱帶海魚毒.(參考文獻 37816)
稚魚被發現於水淺的珊瑚殘礫,成魚在隔離了潟湖與臨海礁石到深度 82 公尺的珊瑚頂部。 主要吃棲息於砂中的魚與甲殼動物, 有時吃章魚。 在香港活魚販售。 (參考文獻 27253) 在特定的區域中的可能具有熱帶海魚毒.(參考文獻 37816)
生命週期和交配行為 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
太平洋: 可可群島-基靈群島到薩摩亞, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲東南部與羅得豪島.(參考文獻 37816)
主要參考資料
上傳您的推薦信 | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
CITES
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
有雪卡魚毒中毒的報導
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | 周邊海洋
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻 123201): 24.3 - 28.8, mean 27.6 °C (based on 698 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00734 - 0.01638), b=3.02 (2.90 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278): 4.0 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.28).
營養素 (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 30.4 [15.3, 63.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.616 [0.310, 1.274] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.0, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.13 [0.08, 0.21] g/100g; Selenium = 42.7 [22.8, 86.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 186 [49, 696] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.72, 1.57] mg/100g (wet weight);