Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βαθυπελαγικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 50 - 1352 m (Ref. 74511). Deep-water; 41°N - 40°S, 98°W - 110°W
Worldwide. Eastern Atlantic: Madeira (Ref. 4769), Canary Islands (Ref. 6808) and Cape Verde (Ref. 27000); Senegal to Gulf of Guinea (Ref. 4463). Western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific: in tropical and subtropical waters (Ref. 4463), including the Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 27768). Eastern Pacific: California Current region (Ref. 35800). South China Sea (Ref.74511).
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 6.6 cm SL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 4463)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 16 - 18; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 26 - 31. Dark dorsally, silvery finish on translucent flanks; fin rays colorless; black pigment at base of each dorsal and anal ray (Ref. 3991). Branchiostegal rays: 11-12 (Ref. 35800). Longer trunk and shorter tail (Ref. 37473).
Mesopelagic (Ref. 58302). Exhibit diel vertical migrations, juveniles and adults mainly at 300-600 by day and at 50-200 by night (Ref. 4463, 58302). Feed on copepods and euphausiids (Ref. 4769). Photophores developing in fishes over 12-20 mm SL (Ref. 4769). Oviparous, with planktonic eggs and larvae (Ref. 35800).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Quéro, J.-C., J.C. Njock and M.M. de la Hoz, 1990. Gonostomatidae. p. 283-292. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4463)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: χωρίς ενδιαφέρον
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.6 - 17.3, mean 11.1 °C (based on 943 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00171 - 0.00885), b=2.99 (2.79 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.13 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Υψηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού < 15 μήνες (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
