Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 75 m (Ref. 6949). Tropical; 21°N - 23°S, 19°W - 15°E
Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Namibia (Ref. 57401). Also reported from Mauritania (Ref. 5377).
Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 87.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 205 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 57401); common length : 100.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 26999); peso máx. Publicado: 50.0 kg (Ref. 57401)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 6; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 9; Espinhos anais: 2; Raios anais moles: 9. Diagnosis: 122-140 (generally 125-132) scales in lateral line (Ref. 57401). Sides marked with about 20 dark, largely backwards open chevrons (Ref. 57401), which become less distinct in large specimens (Ref. 5491).
Commonly enters lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 4339, 57401). Found on the continental shelf (Ref. 36731). Feeds on fish and shrimps (Ref. 28587). Never reported to be ciguatoxic. Good food and recreational value.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Daget, J., 2003. Sphyraenidae. p. 612-615 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57401)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para o homem
Traumatogenic (Ref. 4537)
Utilização humana
Pescarias: espécies comerciais
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.6 - 28, mean 26.3 °C (based on 84 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00435 - 0.01206), b=2.89 (2.75 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Muito baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 25.1 [11.3, 65.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.451 [0.213, 0.973] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [18.1, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.134 [0.058, 0.318] g/100g; Selenium = 55.4 [22.0, 149.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.33 [1.07, 29.15] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.567 [0.349, 0.982] mg/100g (wet weight);
