分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Anabantiformes (Gouramies, snakeheads) >
Osphronemidae (Gouramies) > Osphroneminae
Etymology: Osphronemus: Greek, osphra = smell + Greek, nema = filament; because of the olfactory organs (Ref. 45335); goramy: Malay/Javanese: ikan gurami, name for this species..
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; pH range: 6.5 - 8.0; dH range: ? - 25; 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 9987). 熱帶; 20°C - 30°C (Ref. 13371); 6°N - 9°S
Asia: probably limited to Sumatra, Borneo, Java, the Malay Peninsula, Thailand and Indochina (Mekong basin). Has been introduced to several countries for aquaculture purposes. Apparently absent in Sarawak and presence in Sabah may be due to relatively late introductions.
亞洲: 可能僅限於蘇門答臘，婆羅洲，爪哇，馬來半島，泰國與印度支那 (湄公河流域)了。 曾經為水產業目的引進一些國家。 顯然地不存在於在沙巴島的砂勞越與出現可能由於相當晚引入。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12693); common length : 45.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12693)
背棘 (总数) : 12 - 14; 背的软条 (总数) : 10 - 13; 臀棘: 9 - 13; 臀鳍软条: 18 - 21; 脊椎骨: 30 - 31. With 8-10 complete dark vertical bars in juvenile color phase; adults without vertical bars or sexual dichromatism, both sexes drab; transverse scale rows usually 6.1.12; dorsal fin spines usually 12-13 (rarely 11 or 14); soft-rayed portion of anal fin greatly enlarged, its distal margin parallel to distal margin of caudal fin; caudal fin rounded or obtusely rounded, not truncate or emarginate (Ref. 7425). Pelvic fins with first soft ray prolonged into a thread-like tentacle reaching posteriorly to or beyond hind margin of caudal fin.
在幼年的色相中有 8-10 个完全的黑纵带; 成鱼没有纵带或性别双色变异，两性土褐色的; 横跨的鳞片列通常 6.1.12; 背鳍棘通常 12-13;(很少地 11 或 14) 臀鳍的有软鳍的部分明显增大, 它的末梢部边缘平行于尾鳍的末梢部边缘; 尾鳍圆的或者圆头地圆的, 不是截形或边缘微凹.(参考文献 7425) 腹鳍有第一柔软鳍条在后部地延长到像线一样的触须达到内了到或超过尾鳍的后缘。
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Inhabits swamps, lakes and rivers (Ref. 9987), among vegetation (Ref. 56749). Enters flooded forest (Ref. 9497). Found in medium to large rivers and stagnant water bodies including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975). Omnivorous. Feeds on both plants and animals such as some aquatic weeds, fish, frogs, earthworms and sometimes dead animals (Ref. 6459). Can breathe moist air, so can be kept alive for long periods out of water, making it possible to distribute it in areas lacking a cold chain (Ref. 9987). Was reported from miocene deposits in Central Sumatra (Ref. 7426). Utilized fresh and eaten steamed, pan-fried and baked (Ref. 9987).
栖息于沼泽，湖与河。 (参考文献 9987) 进入被水淹没的森林。 (参考文献 9497) 发现于包括滞流的管的中型到大型河川与污浊的水体了。 (参考文献 12975) 杂食性。 吃植物和动物例如一些水生的杂草，鱼，青蛙, 蚯蚓与有时死的动物.(参考文献 6459) 能呼吸潮湿的空气, 因此能被保持存活长的时期离开水面, 使在区域中分布它是可能的没有寒冷链.(参考文献 9987) 在苏门答腊中部被记录自 miocene 沈积层。 (参考文献 7426) 生鲜使用而且清蒸, 油锅炸与烧烤的.(参考文献 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Adults make nests made of plant fibers instead of bubble nests as some publications have claimed (Ref. 127550). This error comes from a misidentification of a species according to Bhimachar et al. (1944).亞洲: 可能僅限於蘇門答臘，婆羅洲，爪哇，馬來半島，泰國與印度支那 (湄公河流域)了。 曾經為水產業目的引進一些國家。 顯然地不存在於在沙巴島的砂勞越與出現可能由於相當晚引入。
Roberts, T.R., 1992. Systematic revision of the Southeast Asian anabantoid fish genus Osphronemus, with descriptions of two new species. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 2(4):351-360. (Ref. 7425)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01698 (0.00714 - 0.04039), b=3.01 (2.80 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.32 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm > 1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33.8 [9.6, 199.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.483 [0.195, 1.594] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.0, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.111 [0.052, 0.227] g/100g; Selenium = 35 [16, 86] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.5 [3.7, 80.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.41 [0.85, 2.23] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
