Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 10 - 50 m (Ref. 27000), usually 10 - 50 m (Ref. 26999). Tropical
Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola. Recorded from the Niger River estuary.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 31.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 4338); common length : 20.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2683)
Inhabit sandy or muddy bottoms in coastal waters (Ref. 2683).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Desoutter, M., 1986. Ephippidae. p. 340. In J. Daget, J.P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4338)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.2 - 28, mean 26.1 °C (based on 98 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02692 (0.01137 - 0.06373), b=2.94 (2.74 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 136 [81, 257] mg/100g; Iron = 0.994 [0.564, 1.690] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.6, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.226 [0.123, 0.418] g/100g; Selenium = 44 [21, 92] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.2 [5.7, 56.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.999 [0.682, 1.501] mg/100g (wet weight);