Issue
Pampus cinereus is considered a valid species according to Liu et al., 2013 (Ref. 95516) and P. liuorum Liu & Li, 2013 (Ref. 95101) is a junior synonym of Pampus cinereus according to Yin et al., 2019 (Ref. 123875).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري قاعية التغذية و المعيشة; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 5 - 110 m (Ref. 12260). Subtropical; 46°N - 10°S, 47°E - 142°E
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to Indonesia, north to Hokkaido, Japan. Extralimital captures have been made from the Adriatic and off Hawaii. Not recorded from Australasia. Northeastern Atlantic: 3 reports of capture reported from this area (Ref. 86350).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 25.3, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9811); common length : 30.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9811); العمر: 7 سنين (Ref. 45538)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 37 - 43; فقرات: 34 - 37. Body firm, very deep, oval, and compressed. Operculum absent; gill opening reduced to a vertical slit on the side of the body; gill membrane broadly united to isthmus. Dorsal and anal fins preceded by a series of 5 to 10 blade-like spines with anterior and posterior points. Pelvic fins absent. Caudal fin deeply forked, the lower lobe longer than the upper. Color is gray above grading to silvery white towards the belly, with small black dots all over the body. Fins are faintly yellow; vertical fins with dark edges.
Inshore species, usually in schools over muddy bottoms, associated with fish species like Nemipterus and Leiognathus. Adults feed on ctenophores, salps, medusae, and other zooplankton groups. Western populations spawn from late winter through the summer with peaks from April to June. Sold fresh in local markets or shipped frozen to urban centers. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Haedrich, R.L., 1984. Stromateidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3517)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: ذو قيمة تاجرية عالية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.9 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1636 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5313 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01820 (0.01402 - 0.02362), b=3.02 (2.95 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.24-0.26; tmax=7; Fec=5,470).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 9 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.2 [12.9, 71.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.423 [0.222, 1.065] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.264 [0.154, 0.448] g/100g; Selenium = 68.2 [22.3, 198.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.21 [1.85, 26.63] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.442 [0.263, 0.770] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
