分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes) >
Exocoetidae (Flyingfishes)
Etymology: Parexocoetus: Greek, para in the side of + Greek, exos = outside + Greek, koite = hole (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 20 m. 熱帶; 30°N - 23°S, 20°E - 178°W
Indo-Pacific: widespread from East Africa, including the Red Sea and the Gulf, to southern Japan, Marshall Islands, Fiji, the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and Queensland, Australia. Migrated to eastern Mediterranean through the Suez Canal (Ref. 6523). Presence in Somalia to be confirmed (Ref. 30573). Records from the Atlantic (as Parexocoetus mento atlanticus) are in error.
印度-太平洋: 廣泛分佈從東非, 包括紅海與灣，到日本南部，馬紹爾群島，斐濟, 阿拉弗拉海 (參考文獻 9819) 與澳洲的昆士蘭省。 迴游到地中海東部經過蘇伊士運河了。 (參考文獻 6523) 在索馬利亞中的出現被確認.(參考文獻 30573) 記錄從大西洋 (當 大西洋長頜擬飛魚〔Parexocoetus mento atlanticus〕 ) 是錯誤。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 13 cm
Max length : 11.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2797)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 9 - 12; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 12. Dorsal fin mostly blackish; pectorals and caudal greyish, other fins transparent (Ref. 2797).
背鳍大部份黑色; 胸鳍与尾鳍略灰色又其他的鳍透明.(参考文献 2797)
Found in near-shore surface waters, never spread to open sea (Ref. 9839). Capable of leaping out of the water and gliding above the surface (Ref. 30573).
发现于近岸水表面了, 从不传布到开放海域.(参考文献 9839) 能够从水中跳出来而且在水面上滑行。 (参考文献 30573)
Most die after a single spawning (Ref. 205).印度-太平洋: 廣泛分佈從東非, 包括紅海與灣，到日本南部，馬紹爾群島，斐濟, 阿拉弗拉海 (參考文獻 9819) 與澳洲的昆士蘭省。 迴游到地中海東部經過蘇伊士運河了。 (參考文獻 6523) 在索馬利亞中的出現被確認.(參考文獻 30573) 記錄從大西洋 (當 大西洋長頜擬飛魚〔Parexocoetus mento atlanticus〕 ) 是錯誤。
Parin, N.V., 1996. On the species composition of flying fishes (Exocoetidae) in the West-Central part of tropical Pacific. J. Ichthyol. 36(5):357-364. (Ref. 27313)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.9 - 29.1, mean 28.5 °C (based on 4012 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00292 - 0.01429), b=3.04 (2.84 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
