>
Beloniformes (Needle fishes) >
Exocoetidae (Flyingfishes)
Etymology: Parexocoetus: Greek, para in the side of + Greek, exos = outside + Greek, koite = hole (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 0 - 20 m. Tropical; 30°N - 23°S, 20°E - 178°W
Indo-Pacific: widespread from East Africa, including the Red Sea and the Gulf, to southern Japan, Marshall Islands, Fiji, the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and Queensland, Australia. Migrated to eastern Mediterranean through the Suez Canal (Ref. 6523). Presence in Somalia to be confirmed (Ref. 30573). Records from the Atlantic (as Parexocoetus mento atlanticus) are in error.
Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - 13 cm
Max length : 11.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 2797)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 9 - 12; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 10 - 12. Dorsal fin mostly blackish; pectorals and caudal greyish, other fins transparent (Ref. 2797).
Found in near-shore surface waters, never spread to open sea (Ref. 9839). Capable of leaping out of the water and gliding above the surface (Ref. 30573).
Most die after a single spawning (Ref. 205).
Parin, N.V., 1996. On the species composition of flying fishes (Exocoetidae) in the West-Central part of tropical Pacific. J. Ichthyol. 36(5):357-364. (Ref. 27313)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.9 - 29.1, mean 28.5 °C (based on 4012 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00292 - 0.01429), b=3.04 (2.84 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).