分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Ophidiiformes (Cusk eels)
鼬鳚目 (Cusk eels) >
Ophidiidae (Cusk-eels)
鼬魚科 (Cusk-eels) > Brotulinae
Etymology: Brotula: Latin, brotula, -ae = little, bud, shoot (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 ? - 650 m (Ref. 3686), usually 50 - 300 m (Ref. 26999). 亞熱帶的; 30°N - 14°S, 98°W - 15°E (Ref. 34024)
Western Atlantic: off the continental coast from Florida, USA and the Gulf of Mexico to northern South America, including islands in the Caribbean. Eastern Atlantic: off Senegal to Angola.
西大西洋: 外海的來自美國的佛羅里達與墨西哥灣到的大陸沿岸南美洲北部, 在加勒比海的包括島。 東大西洋: 塞內加爾外海到安哥拉。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 94.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 8.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 109 - 117; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 86 - 90. Body completely covered with small, imbricate, cycloid scales; barbels present on snout (6) and chin (6); branchiostegal rays 8; median basibranchial tooth patch absent; developed gill rakers on first arch 4 or fewer; pelvic fin rays inserted at about level of preopercle, well behind eye (Ref. 34024). Ventral fins dark, gradually becoming darker at the extreme blackish edge (Ref. 13608).
身體完全地覆蓋著小的﹐重疊成瓦狀的﹐和圓形的鱗片了; 觸鬚位於吻 (6) 與下巴之上;(6) 鰓條骨 8; 中動脈基鰓骨齒列不存在; 在第一鰓弓 4 或較少數上的發展的鰓耙; 於大約前鰓蓋骨的水平插入的腹鰭鰭條, 在眼正後方。 (參考文獻 34024) 腹鰭黑的, 逐漸地在極端的黑色邊緣變得比較黑的.(參考文獻 13608)
Common species (Ref. 34024). Adults benthopelagic (Ref. 34024) down to 650 m, but most often on the continental shelf (Ref. 3686), on sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 2683). Juveniles common in reefs (Ref. 34024). Smaller silvery specimens taken far out at sea in the epipelagic (Ref. 34024). Oviparous, with oval pelagic eggs floating in a gelatinous mass (Ref. 205).
普遍的種.(參考文獻 34024) 成魚大洋底棲性魚種 (參考文獻 34024) 向下至 650 公尺, 但是最時常在大陸棚 (參考文獻 3686) 上, 在沙泥底上.(參考文獻 2683) 稚魚常見於礁。 (參考文獻 34024) 比較小的銀色標本在表層帶取自遠外海.。 (參考文獻 34024) 卵生的, 大洋性的卵漂浮在一個橢圓形的凝膠團中.(參考文獻 205)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
西大西洋: 外海的來自美國的佛羅里達與墨西哥灣到的大陸沿岸南美洲北部, 在加勒比海的包括島。 東大西洋: 塞內加爾外海到安哥拉。
Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.5 - 26.5, mean 19.7 °C (based on 331 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00372 (0.00180 - 0.00768), b=3.15 (2.96 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 5.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (65 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.9 [8.3, 42.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.451 [0.245, 0.908] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.3, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.183 [0.095, 0.343] g/100g; Selenium = 36.5 [17.0, 76.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.2 [8.7, 94.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.568 [0.373, 0.874] mg/100g (wet weight);
