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Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Bleak
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Image of Alburnus alburnus (Bleak)
Alburnus alburnus
Picture by Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/D. Terver

Классификация / Names народные названия | синонимы | Catalog of Fishes(род, виды) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
Etymology: Alburnus: From the city of Al Bura, where the fish was known (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range экология

; пресноводный; солоноватоводный донно-пелагический; pH range: 7.0 - ? ; dH range: 10 - ?; мигрирует в реке (Ref. 51243); пределы глубины 1 - ? m (Ref. 30578). Temperate; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 68°N - 35°N, 6°W - 60°E

распространение страны | регионы FAO | Ecosystems | места находок | Point map | интродукции | Faunafri

Europe and Asia: most of Europe north of Caucasus, Pyrénées and Alps, eastward to Ural and Emba. Naturally absent from Iberian Peninsula, Adriatic and Aegean basins (except Maritza drainage), Italy, Ireland, Great Britain (except southeast), Norway and Scandinavia north of 67°N, Caspian basin south of Volga. In Anatolia, Marmara basin. Locally introduced in Spain, Portugal and Italy. At least one country reports adverse ecological impact after introduction.

Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст

Maturity: Lm 9.9, range 9 - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 30578); common length : 15.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 30578); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 60.00 g (Ref. 30578)

Краткое описание определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия

колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 2 - 4; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 7 - 9; колючие лучи анального плавника: 3; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 14 - 20; позвонки: 41 - 44. Diagnosed from congeners in Europe by the possession of the following characters: origin of anal fin below branched dorsal rays 4-5; lateral line with 45-48 + 3 scales; anal fin with 17-20½ branched rays; 16-22 gill rakers; ventral keel exposed from anus to pelvic base; lateral stripe absent in life, faint or absent in preserved specimens; and mouth slightly superior (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196). Also Ref. 40476.

биология     глоссарий (например epibenthic)

Inhabits open waters of lakes and medium to large rivers. Forms large aggregations in backwaters and other still waters during winter. Adults occur in shoals near the surface. Larvae live in littoral zone of rivers and lakes while juveniles leave shores and occupy a pelagic habitat, feeding on plankton, drifting insects or invertebrates fallen on the water surface (Ref. 59043). Feeds mainly on plankton, including crustaceans (Ref. 30578) and insects (Ref. 9696). Spawns in shallow riffles or along stony shores of lakes, occasionally above submerged vegetation (Ref. 59043). Excellent as bait for carnivorous fishes. May be captured using the smallest hook and a fly as bait. Its flesh is tasty (Ref. 30578). Of little interest to commercial or sport fisheries in its native range because of its small size (Ref. 1739). Scales were previously utilized in making Essence d"Orient, a coating for artificial pearls (Ref. 59043).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки

Eggs hatch in about 4 days (Ref. 59043).

Основная ссылка Upload your references | ссылки | координатор | соавторы

Kottelat, M., 1997. European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava, 52/Suppl. 5:1-271. (Ref. 13696)

Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)

  Не вызывающий беспокойства (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Угроза для людей






Использование человеком

рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; аквакультура (рыбоводство): коммерческий; наживка: usually
FAO - Aquaculture systems: production; рыболовство: landings; Publication: search | FishSource |

дополнительная информация

Anatomy
Gill areas
мозг
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
звуки, издаваемые рыбами
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
генетика
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
особенности рыбоводства
степень растяжения
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
соавторы
References
ссылки

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00485 - 0.00652), b=3.12 (3.09 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  2.7   ±0.29 se; based on food items.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref. 120179):  средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (tm=2-3; K=0.19; tmax=7; Fec=1,500).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Категория цены (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 80.3 [38.4, 133.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.46 [0.27, 0.84] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [15.1, 18.1] %; Omega3 = 0.697 [0.310, 1.491] g/100g; Selenium = 9.19 [4.33, 19.16] μg/100g; VitaminA = 40.5 [14.0, 121.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.965 [0.689, 1.367] mg/100g (wet weight);