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Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335); stigmosus: From the Latin 'stigmosus' meaning full of marks, referring to the distinctive blotches on the dorsal and anal fins..
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina djupbottenlevande; djupintervall 192 - 373 m (Ref. 26268). Deep-water; 28°N - 12°N, 89°W - 58°W (Ref. 26268)
Western Central Atlantic: Gulf Stream and Straits of Florida and Caribbean Sea.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.6 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 26268)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Munroe, T.A., 1998. Systematics and ecology of tonguefishes of the genus Symphurus (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes) from the western Atlantic Ocean. Fish. Bull. 96(1):1-182. (Ref. 26268)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.4 - 19.9, mean 18.8 °C (based on 17 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00647 - 0.03228), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Assuming tmax>3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
