Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution
Écologie
marin; eau douce; saumâtre démersal; amphidrome (Ref. 126106); profondeur 0 - 5 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 20°C - 28°C (Ref. 13371); 35°N - 33°S, 48°E - 171°W
Indo-Pacific: Kuwait to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Reported from Samoa (Ref. 9710), Tonga (Ref. 53797), and the Society Islands (Ref. 2847).
Longueur à la première maturité / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm ?, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 108711); common length : 20.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 3489)
Épines dorsales (Total) : 10 - 11; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 16 - 18; Épines anales: 4; Rayons mous anaux: 13 - 15. Ground colour greenish. Juveniles with a few large roundish blotches, about size of eye, or with about 5 or 6 broad, dark, vertical bars. In large adults, spots may be faint and restricted to dorsal part of flanks. Body quadrangular, strongly compressed. Dorsal head profile steep. Eye moderately large, its diameter somewhat smaller than snout length. Snout rounded. Mouth small, horizontal, not protractile. Teeth villiform, in several rows on jaws (ref 43044).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Adults inhabit harbors, natural embayments, brackish estuaries and the lower reaches of freshwater streams, frequently occurring among mangroves. They feed on worms, crustaceans, insects and plant matter (Ref. 7020, 44894, 48637). The dorsal, anal and pelvic spines are believed by Philippine fishers to be venomous and capable of inflicting wounds (Ref. 6565). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Marketed as fresh (Ref. 12693).
Multiple spawner (Ref. 102820).
Allen, G.R., 1984. Scatophagidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3489)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur; Aquaculture: commercial; Aquarium: Commercial
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Estimations basées sur des modèles
Température préférée (Réf.
123201): 25.4 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 2701 cells).
Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf.
82804): PD
50 = 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03236 (0.02363 - 0.04432), b=2.92 (2.83 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Réf.
69278): 3.0 ±0.35 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 0.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Résilience (Réf.
120179): Haut, temps minimum de doublement de population inférieur à 15 mois (K=0.97; tm=1; Fec=486,500).
Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
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Nutriments (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 80.7 [40.4, 127.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.8 [0.5, 1.4] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [18.0, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.0919 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 28.9 [14.3, 62.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.8 [6.1, 87.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.49 [0.96, 2.24] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.