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> Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) > Cichlasomatinae
Etymology: Parachromis:Greek, para = the side of + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335). More on author: Günther.
Taxonomic Remarks Reviewed in Kullander & Hartel, 1997, with redescription and photo, and lectotype designation of P. gulosus. Heros managuensis described in more detail in Günther 1868:463, pl. 77 (fig. 3). Reviewed by Bussing (1998: 367), with key, diagnosis, geographical distribution, and figures.
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet Ökologie
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 17 - 18; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 10 - 11; Afterflossenstacheln: 6 - 8; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 11 - 12. This species is distinguished by its large mouth, projecting lower jaw, prominent enlarged canine teeth, black spots on fins and body, a more or less continuous black stripe between the eye and opercular margin, another between the eye and the lower angle of the opercle; a row of black blotches along the middle of the side. Distinguished from other members of the genus by having the preopercle expanded at the angle. Body color silvery or golden-green to purple; back moss green, sides with purple iridescence, belly whitish or yellowish; dorsal, anal and caudal fins with numerous black spots, interspaces whitish, yellowish or with blue iridescence; a black blotch on the caudal-fin base. Breeding females with stronger crimson hue to the gill cover. Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Adults inhabit lakes, preferring turbid waters and mud bottoms of the highly eutrophic lakes (Ref. 7335), in springs and ponds over detritus and sand bottom (Ref. 5723). Commonly found in very warm, oxygen depleted inundation lakes (Ref. 8978). Highly predaceous, feeding mainly on small fishes and macroinvertebrates (Ref. 7335; 44091). Oviparous, they spawn in batches (Ref. Highly esteemed as food fish (Ref. 44091). Maximum length 63 cm TL (Ref. 5723).
Deposits up to 5,000 eggs on rocks and other hard substrates; both parents guard the eggs and resulting fry (Ref. 44091). Reported to deposit up to 10,496 eggs (Ref. 80549).
Kullander, S.O., 2003. Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02089 (0.01350 - 0.03232), b=3.05 (2.92 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (Assuming tm=1-2; Fec=10,000).
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈
