分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Chondrostei >
Acipenseriformes (Sturgeons and paddlefishes)
鱘形目 (Sturgeons and paddlefishes) >
Acipenseridae (Sturgeons)
鱘科 (Sturgeons) > Acipenserinae
Etymology: Huso: Latin, huso = swine (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 50550). 溫帶; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 55°N - 43°N
Asia: Amur basin, ascending far up to the Argun, Shilka, and Onon. In the Amur Liman to the Amur estuary in the Sea of Okhotsk. Adults inhabit some lakes, like Orel Lake above Nikolaevsk. Also in the Ussuri and Sungari, China.
Four populations are recognized in the Amur River basin: one lives in the estuary and coastal brackish waters of the Sea of Okhotsk and Sea of Japan, second is found in the lower Amur, third in the middle Amur, and fourth in the lower reaches of the Zeya and Bureya rivers in the Russian river banks (Ref. 40142). Two ecological morphs are present in the estuary population, the 'freshwater' and the 'brackish' water forms (Ref. 40142).
亞洲: 阿穆爾河流域,向上游遠至額爾古納河，石勒喀河與鄂嫩河。 在鄂霍次克海中的阿穆爾河 Liman 到阿穆爾河河口中。 成魚棲息於一些湖, 像在 Nikolaevsk 上面的 Orel 湖。 也在中國的烏蘇里江與松花江中。 國際間的買賣限制 ( CITES2, 自從 1.4.98 以後; CMS 附錄 2).
四個族群在阿穆爾河流域被辨認出: 一生活在河口與鄂霍次克海的海岸半鹹淡水域與日本海中,第二個被發現於下面的阿穆爾河, 第三在阿穆爾河中游中, 與第四的在俄羅斯河岸的結雅河的下面範圍與 Bureya 河.(參考文獻 40142) 二個生態形態在河口族群, '淡水' 與 '半鹹淡水' 水型中出現。 (參考文獻 40142)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 180.0, range 170 - 190 cm
Max length : 560 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40142); 最大體重: 1.0 t (Ref. 40142); 最大年齡: 80 年 (Ref. 56448)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 43 - 57; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 26 - 35. Gill membranes free from isthmus and broadly connected with each other. Barbels flat, attached on ventral side of snout. Body shields in 5 rows; dorsal shields 10 to 16, lateral 32 to 46 and ventral 8 to 12.
鰓膜與峽部分離而且寬廣地與彼此相連。 觸鬚平伏的, 附著在吻的腹側邊上面了。 身體在 5 列中遮蔽; 背甲 10 到 16, 側面的 32 到 46 與腹面 8 到 12.
Adults inhabit rivers and lakes. Adults do not spawn every year but at least every other year. With increasing age, the spawning interval increases to three, four and more years (Ref. 593). Feed on invertebrates in the first year then switch to juveniles of pelagic fishes, e.g., Oncorhynchus keta, at age 3 to 4 yrs., kaluga feed on adult fishes (Ref. 40142).
成魚棲息於河川與湖泊。 成魚不每年產卵但是每隔一年的至少。 藉由逐漸增加的年齡，魚卵間隔增加到三, 四與更多年.(參考文獻 593) 捕食在 3 到 4 歲歲, 在第一個年中的無脊椎動物轉換到大洋性魚，例如， 大麻哈魚〔Oncorhynchus keta〕 的稚魚, kaluga 吃成魚.(參考文獻 40142)
Males spawn once in three to four years while females do every four to five years (Ref. 40142). Water temperature affects the onset of maturity of females. Females spawn a year earlier during warm years than they would during cold years (Ref. 40142).亞洲: 阿穆爾河流域,向上游遠至額爾古納河，石勒喀河與鄂嫩河。 在鄂霍次克海中的阿穆爾河 Liman 到阿穆爾河河口中。 成魚棲息於一些湖, 像在 Nikolaevsk 上面的 Orel 湖。 也在中國的烏蘇里江與松花江中。 國際間的買賣限制 ( CITES2, 自從 1.4.98 以後; CMS 附錄 2).
四個族群在阿穆爾河流域被辨認出: 一生活在河口與鄂霍次克海的海岸半鹹淡水域與日本海中,第二個被發現於下面的阿穆爾河, 第三在阿穆爾河中游中, 與第四的在俄羅斯河岸的結雅河的下面範圍與 Bureya 河.(參考文獻 40142) 二個生態形態在河口族群, '淡水' 與 '半鹹淡水' 水型中出現。 (參考文獻 40142)
Berg, L.S., 1962. Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. volume 1, 4th edition. Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd, Jerusalem. (Russian version published 1948). (Ref. 593)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
極危 (CR) (A2bd); Date assessed: 15 September 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00204 (0.00119 - 0.00351), b=3.18 (3.03 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 36.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (tm=14-23; tmax=55; Fec=600,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
