Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser benthopelagisch; tiefenbereich 20 - 150 m (Ref. 27121). Subtropical; 17°S - 36°S
Southeast Atlantic: Namibia (Ref. 27121) and South Africa to Beira, Mozambique (Ref. 3198).
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 20.4  range ? - 26 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 3669); common length : 27.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 3507)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 12; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 10; Afterflossenstacheln: 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8. Lips furry.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found in coastal waters, over soft bottoms (Ref. 27121). Forms large schools (Ref. 5213). Sold fresh.
Conflicting descriptions of the reproductive style of this species have been reported, e.g., Ref. 34231 describe this species as being a gonochorist (Ref. 28504). After clarificatory analyses on the protogynous characteristics (Ref. 7124) of this species, gonochorism is confirmed (Ref. 103751).
Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell
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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref.
123201): 13.4 - 25.2, mean 18.5 °C (based on 33 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00992 - 0.02776), b=3.05 (2.91 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (K=0.13-0.19; tm=6-7; tmax=11).
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
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Klimaanfälligkeit (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
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Nährstoffe (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 55.3 [30.5, 101.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.825 [0.468, 1.410] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.385 [0.264, 0.575] g/100g; Selenium = 29.6 [14.6, 55.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.1 [5.9, 63.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.805 [0.574, 1.140] mg/100g (wet weight);