Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman 20 - 150 m (Ref. 27121). Subtropical; 17°S - 36°S
Southeast Atlantic: Namibia (Ref. 27121) and South Africa to Beira, Mozambique (Ref. 3198).
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 20.4  range ? - 26 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3669); common length : 27.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3507)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 12; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 8. Lips furry.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found in coastal waters, over soft bottoms (Ref. 27121). Forms large schools (Ref. 5213). Sold fresh.
Conflicting descriptions of the reproductive style of this species have been reported, e.g., Ref. 34231 describe this species as being a gonochorist (Ref. 28504). After clarificatory analyses on the protogynous characteristics (Ref. 7124) of this species, gonochorism is confirmed (Ref. 103751).
Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 13.4 - 25.2, mean 18.5 °C (based on 33 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.00992 - 0.02776), b=3.05 (2.91 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 3.6 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (K=0.13-0.19; tm=6-7; tmax=11).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
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Kerentanan Iklim (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 55.3 [30.5, 101.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.825 [0.468, 1.410] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.385 [0.264, 0.575] g/100g; Selenium = 29.6 [14.6, 55.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.1 [5.9, 63.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.805 [0.574, 1.140] mg/100g (wet weight);