Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة القاع; نطاق العمق 20 - 50 m (Ref. 28016). Tropical; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 37°N - 27°S, 37°E - 170°W
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Samoa and Fiji, north to Japan, south to northeastern Australia.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3424); common length : 17.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3424)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 8; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 16; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 14. Deep bodied and vertical dark bars on upper sides. Long filament on dorsal spine (Ref. 48635). Silvery body. Naked head; with nuchal spine. Protracted mouth pointing downward. Thin scales on breast. 2nd dorsal spine elongated.
Found in coastal waters. May also enter semi-enclosed sea areas and estuaries (Ref. 11230). Euryhaline (Ref. 12743). Forms schools (Ref. 30573). Feeds on polychaetes, small crustaceans, and small fish (Ref. 5213).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
James, P.S.B.R., 1984. Leiognathidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3424)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.2 - 28.7, mean 27.9 °C (based on 345 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02138 (0.01632 - 0.02800), b=3.05 (2.97 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).