Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bentopelagisk; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 30 - 500 m (Ref. 3198). Subtropical; 42°N - 22°S, 26°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: off Portugal and Strait of Gibraltar to Namibia, including Cape Verde and the Canary Islands. Also from the Mediterranean.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 10.8, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 65.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 2683)
Kort beskrivning
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 11 - 12; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 10 - 11; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 8. Body and fins reddish; anal fin and lower part of caudal fin edged with white.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabit rocky or sandy bottoms; individuals descending to greater depths with growth. The stocks migrate seasonally between the coast and deeper waters in accordance with local hydrographic conditions and their life cycle. Feed mainly on fish and crustaceans; the young on plankton (Ref. 3688). Gonochorists (Ref. 4781).
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 13 - 16.8, mean 14.9 °C (based on 168 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00949 - 0.01327), b=3.02 (2.99 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.16-0.25; tmax=13; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.98, 95% CL = 0.65 - 1.47, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
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Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 51 [29, 94] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.58, 1.75] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.7, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.452 [0.262, 0.807] g/100g; Selenium = 43.7 [22.3, 85.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.4 [5.7, 51.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.637 [0.453, 0.886] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.