Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري قاعية التغذية و المعيشة; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 30 - 500 m (Ref. 3198). Subtropical; 42°N - 22°S, 26°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: off Portugal and Strait of Gibraltar to Namibia, including Cape Verde and the Canary Islands. Also from the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 10.8, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 65.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 2683)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 11 - 12; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 10 - 11; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 8. Body and fins reddish; anal fin and lower part of caudal fin edged with white.
Inhabit rocky or sandy bottoms; individuals descending to greater depths with growth. The stocks migrate seasonally between the coast and deeper waters in accordance with local hydrographic conditions and their life cycle. Feed mainly on fish and crustaceans; the young on plankton (Ref. 3688). Gonochorists (Ref. 4781).
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
Download XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13 - 16.8, mean 14.9 °C (based on 168 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00902 - 0.01461), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.16-0.25; tmax=13; tm=2).
Prior r = 0.98, 95% CL = 0.65 - 1.47, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 51 [29, 94] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.58, 1.75] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.7, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.452 [0.262, 0.807] g/100g; Selenium = 43.7 [22.3, 85.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.4 [5.7, 51.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.637 [0.453, 0.886] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
