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Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ginsburg.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; depth range 24 - 133 m (Ref. 26268), usually 31 - 70 m (Ref. 26268). Tropical; 35°N - 5°N, 100°W - 55°W (Ref. 26268)

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Western Atlantic: Straits of Florida in the eastern Gulf of Mexico but most common west and south of Mississippi Delta on the inner continental shelf to Guyana.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 9.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)

Inhabits bays and shallow coastal waters (Ref. 7251); mainly on silt and soft mud substrates (Ref. 26268). Little is known of its ecology (Ref. 26268).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Munroe, T.A., 1998. Systematics and ecology of tonguefishes of the genus Symphurus (Cynoglossidae: Pleuronectiformes) from the western Atlantic Ocean. Fish. Bull. 96(1):1-182. (Ref. 26268)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 August 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Trophic ecology
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 21.3 - 27.5, mean 25.2 °C (based on 117 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resilience (Ref. 120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

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