Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin; eau douce; saumâtre démersal; profondeur 0 - 75 m (Ref. 5217). Tropical; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 36880); 41°N - 33°S
Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to the Antilles and Brazil.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 122735); common length : 15.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5217); poids max. publié: 99.40 g (Ref. 122735)
Épines dorsales (Total) : 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 74 - 84; Épines anales: 0; Rayons mous anaux: 52 - 63.
Occurs in shallow muddy bottoms from the coastline to 75 m depth; also in brackish estuaries and hypersaline lagoons (Ref. 5217). Inhabit mainly coastal waters and tidelands, but abundant in waters very near the sea to a few meters elevation with wholly freshwater ichthyofauna (Ref. 36880). Feeds mainly on zooplankton and zoobenthos (Ref. 13196). Taken with beach nets (Ref. 5217).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur
Outils
Articles particuliers
Télécharger en XML
Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.5 - 28, mean 25.5 °C (based on 608 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00488 - 0.00711), b=3.14 (3.09 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Haut, temps minimum de doublement de population inférieur à 15 mois (K=0.42; Fec=6,009 (batch fecundity)).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
