分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Atractoscion: Greek, atraktos, arrow + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 深度上下限 15 - 200 m (Ref. 3593), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 3593). 熱帶; 14°N - 28°S
Western Indian Ocean: off Mozambique and South Africa.
東大西洋: 安哥拉到南非; 單一記錄已知來自茅利塔尼亞了。 (參考文獻 3593) 西印度洋: 莫三比克外海與南非。 太平洋: 澳洲的東岸。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 65 - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4373); common length : 90.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9772); 最大體重: 25.0 kg (Ref. 4373)
背棘 (總數) : 10 - 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 25 - 32; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 10. Body silvery (Ref. 4373).
身體銀色的.(參考文獻 4373)
Found in coastal waters, over sand muddy bottom. Juveniles enter estuaries. Adults feed on pelagic fishes at night. Often caught with Umbrina canariensis. Feeds on pelagic fish such as mackerel and horse mackerel (Ref. 36731). Marketed fresh, flesh highly esteemed (Ref. 9772).
發現於沿岸水域了, 沙的之上與沙泥底部。 稚魚進入河口。 成魚吃大洋性的魚在晚上。 時常用 斜紋短鬚石首魚〔Umbrina canariensis〕 捕獲了。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 肉深受喜愛的。 (參考文獻 9772) 吃大洋性的魚例如鯖與馬鯖。 (參考文獻 36731)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
東大西洋: 安哥拉到南非; 單一記錄已知來自茅利塔尼亞了。 (參考文獻 3593) 西印度洋: 莫三比克外海與南非。 太平洋: 澳洲的東岸。
Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990. Sciaenidae. p. 813-826. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3593)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
近危 (NT) (A2b); Date assessed: 25 September 2018
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14 - 26.5, mean 18.7 °C (based on 131 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00413 - 0.01752), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.27; tm=5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 44.8 [25.6, 94.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.725 [0.352, 1.348] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.4, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.217 [0.106, 0.379] g/100g; Selenium = 90.5 [45.3, 199.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.7 [8.7, 87.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.651 [0.448, 0.988] mg/100g (wet weight);
