Окружающая среда: среда / климатическая зона / пределы глубины / диапазон распространения
экология
морской; пресноводный; солоноватоводный демерсальный; катадромный (Ref. 138280). Temperate; 68°N - 35°N, 175°W - 120°W
North America: Bristol Bay and Aleutian Islands, Alaska to northern California, USA. Isolated populations in lower Kobuk River (Alaska), Cultus Lake (British Columbia, Canada), and Lake Washington (USA) (Ref. 27547).
Размер / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 17.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 5723); common length : 6.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 12193); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 8 годы (Ref. 27547)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 8 - 10; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 17 - 20; колючие лучи анального плавника: 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 12 - 15; позвонки: 34 - 38. Distinguished by having only a single pore on the tip of the chin, no palatine teeth and no pronounced gap between 1st and 2nd dorsal fins (Ref. 27547). Dark brown to greenish or grayish on back and sides, with darker blotches; sides lighter, ventral areas white; usually two or three dark saddle-like blotches below soft part of dorsal fin; dark bars on dorsal, anal, pectoral and caudal fins; orange edge on spiny dorsal fin of spawning males (Ref. 27547).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Adults inhabit gravel and rubble riffles of medium to large rivers and rocky shores of lakes (Ref. 5723). They occasionally enter estuaries (Ref. 5723) and nearshore coastal water (Ref. 43939). They feed mostly at night and mostly on aquatic insects and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 27547). Generally solitary but large aggregations have been noted (Ref. 27547). Adults make regular seasonal migrations associated with spawning (Ref. 27547). Considered a forage fish for some salmonids (Ref. 1998).
Adults make regular seasonal migrations associated with spawning. They move downstream to estuaries or at least to lower reaches of rivers in the spring, mostly at night (Ref. 27547). Eggs are deposited on the undersurface of a rock, in adhesive masses (Ref. 1998). Over 7,000 eggs have been found in a single nest, suggesting that a male may spawn with several females (Ref. 1998, 27547). The male guards the nest until all eggs have hatched (Ref. 1998, 27547). A reverse, upstream migration of yearlings and adults occur in late summer to early winter, from August to December (Ref. 27547).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: интереса не представляет
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ресурсы в Интернет
Оценки, основанные на моделях
Индекс филогенетического разнообразия (ссылка
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00345 - 0.02005), b=3.16 (2.98 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Трофический уровень (ссылка
69278): 3.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (ссылка
120179): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (tm=3; tmax=8; Fec=100).
Уязвимость рыбной ловли (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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