Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte 15 - 128 m (Ref. 2850), usually 30 - 46 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 60°N - 27°N, 145°W - 113°W
Eastern Pacific: Puget Sound, Washington, USA to central Baja California, Mexico; but doubtful north of California.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 20.0, range 15 - ? cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 2850); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 14 Jaren (Ref. 39277)
Caught fairly often by sport fishers using small hooks (Ref. 2850). Viviparous (Ref. 34817).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
Tools
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8 - 11.8, mean 9 °C (based on 12 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00499 - 0.02004), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 8.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (tm=6; tmax=14).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 62 [18, 200] mg/100g; Iron = 0.72 [0.30, 1.96] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [17.1, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.676 [0.290, 1.563] g/100g; Selenium = 58.1 [20.0, 185.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.2 [9.4, 98.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.59 [0.30, 1.13] mg/100g (wet weight);