Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق ? - 365 m (Ref. 36715), usually 75 - 150 m (Ref. 36715). Subtropical; 38°N - 29°N, 124°W - 115°W
Eastern Pacific: San Francisco in California, USA to northern Baja California, Mexico; rare north of Santa Barbara, California.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 28.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 56.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 2850); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 950.00 g (Ref. 40637); العمر: 37 سنين (Ref. 39277)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 13; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 13 - 16; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 7 - 8; فقرات: 27. Branchiostegal rays: 7 (Ref. 36715).
Adults are found commonly on deep rocky areas in southern California, USA from 30-366 m. Viviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36715).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.5 - 11.3, mean 8.5 °C (based on 16 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00499 - 0.02004), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 20.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (tm=7; tmax=37).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).