Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; intervalo de profundidade 15 - 274 m (Ref. 2850), usually 60 - 149 m (Ref. 52190). Subtropical; 15°C - 28°C (Ref. 131062); 39°N - 22°N, 124°W - 110°W
Eastern Pacific: San Francisco in California, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 24.5, range 23 - 34 cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 2850); peso máx. publicado: 1.0 kg (Ref. 40637); idade máx. registrada: 32 anos (Ref. 39277)
Descrição suscinta
Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 13 - 14; Raios dorsais (total) : 12 - 14; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 5 - 7; Vértebras: 25 - 26. Branchiostegal rays: 7 (Ref. 36715).
Adults usually found on deep reefs (Ref. 2850). Adults feed on shrimps and fish (Ref. 131062). Viviparous, with planktonic larvae and pelagic juveniles (Ref. 36715). Occasionally captured by sport fishers (Ref. 2850). Minimum depth range from Ref. 96339.
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Peixe esportivo: sim; Aquário: Aquários públicos
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.7 - 17.2, mean 12.1 °C (based on 15 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00495 - 0.02022), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (tm=7; tmax=32).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.2 [5.3, 47.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.356 [0.139, 0.862] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.426 [0.167, 1.112] g/100g; Selenium = 47.9 [16.0, 145.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 98 [30, 319] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.555 [0.269, 1.066] mg/100g (wet weight);