Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino associati a barriera corallina; distribuzione batimetrica 1 - 15 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 32°N - 33°S
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida (USA), and Honduras to southern Brazil.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 4690)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 12; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 9; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 5.
Inhabits seagrass beds, grassy bays and channels. Moves only when disturbed. Wounds inflicted are extremely painful, but not fatal.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Human uses
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.5 - 28.2, mean 27.4 °C (based on 638 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00626 - 0.02776), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 56.4 [28.3, 119.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.575 [0.292, 1.643] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.9, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.182 [0.081, 0.481] g/100g; Selenium = 23.4 [12.3, 60.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 127 [42, 353] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.34 [0.94, 1.94] mg/100g (wet weight);