Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecología
marino demersal; rango de profundidad 46 - 275 m (Ref. 7365). Subtropical; 37°N - 7°N
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to northern South America.
Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 5217); common length : 15.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 5217)
Espinas dorsales (total) : 12; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 9; Espinas anales: 3; Radios blandos anales: 5. Occipital pit present; two spines on a part of preorbital overlapping maxilla; supplemental preopercular spine present; no dark spot on inner basal part of pectoral fin; eye large, 1.5-2.2 times of snout length; pectoral fin long reaching end of anal fin in adults (Ref. 13608).
Inhabits offshore waters. Found on soft bottom.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Venomous
Human uses
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18 - 26.3, mean 22.7 °C (based on 69 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00626 - 0.02776), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliencia (Ref.
120179): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).