Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 46 - 275 m (Ref. 7365). Subtropical; 37°N - 7°N
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to northern South America.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5217); common length : 15.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5217)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 12; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 9; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 5. Occipital pit present; two spines on a part of preorbital overlapping maxilla; supplemental preopercular spine present; no dark spot on inner basal part of pectoral fin; eye large, 1.5-2.2 times of snout length; pectoral fin long reaching end of anal fin in adults (Ref. 13608).
Inhabits offshore waters. Found on soft bottom.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18 - 26.3, mean 22.7 °C (based on 69 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00626 - 0.02776), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
