Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển; Mức độ sâu ? - 403 m (Ref. 58018). Tropical; 30°N - 29°N, 87°W - 89°W (Ref. 57476)
Western Atlantic: southern Florida and northern Gulf of Mexico in USA, possibly to Brazil.
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 7251)
Oviparous, eggs are pelagic (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Sự tái sinh sản | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Ấu trùng
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: buôn bán nhỏ
Các công cụ
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18 - 25.6, mean 24 °C (based on 46 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00555 - 0.03435), b=3.06 (2.85 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): Trung bình, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 1.4 - 4.4 năm (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 85 [43, 201] mg/100g; Iron = 1.2 [0.7, 2.2] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [15.9, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.205 [0.114, 0.367] g/100g; Selenium = 70.2 [30.9, 149.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.1 [4.9, 70.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.91 [0.59, 1.38] mg/100g (wet weight);