Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; kisaran kedalaman ? - 403 m (Ref. 58018). Tropical; 30°N - 29°N, 87°W - 89°W (Ref. 57476)
Western Atlantic: southern Florida and northern Gulf of Mexico in USA, possibly to Brazil.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 7251)
Oviparous, eggs are pelagic (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18 - 25.6, mean 24 °C (based on 46 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00555 - 0.03435), b=3.06 (2.85 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 85 [43, 201] mg/100g; Iron = 1.2 [0.7, 2.2] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [15.9, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.205 [0.114, 0.367] g/100g; Selenium = 70.2 [30.9, 149.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.1 [4.9, 70.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.91 [0.59, 1.38] mg/100g (wet weight);