Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
морской; солоноватоводный донно-пелагический; пределы глубины 10 - 150 m (Ref. 35388), usually 10 - 150 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 73°N - 49°N, 54°W - 60°E
Northeast Atlantic: 74°N (Novaya Zemlya and Bear Islands) to 49°N (Channel Islands, western English Channel), including eastern Greenland, Iceland, Barents Sea (but not the White Sea) and the Baltic (but not the Gulf of Bothnia and Finland).
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ?, range 11 - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 232); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 10 годы (Ref. 35388)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 56 - 63; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 29 - 33. Scales absent from a median band anterior to the dorsal fin and from the musculature at the base of caudal fin. Belly scales loosely arranged, not in chevrons. Vertebrae 65-75. Margins of dorsal and anal fins straight with rays of equal length. Lateral line pores linearly arranged along the unbranched canals.
This schooling species is usually territorial and burrowing (Ref. 40). Feed on plankton. High activity is correlated to periods with strong tidal currents; then they leave their bottom hides and form large shoals. During low light intensity (night and winter) they bury in the bottom (Ref. 35388).
Muus, B.J. and J.G. Nielsen, 1999. Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book, Hedehusene, Denmark. 340 p. (Ref. 35388)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
Скачать в формате XML
ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.7 - 11, mean 9.7 °C (based on 1058 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00275 (0.00205 - 0.00370), b=3.14 (3.07 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (K=0.16-0.89; tm=1-3; tmax=10; Fec=4,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 44.2 [24.8, 86.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.34 [0.20, 0.60] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.2, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.448 [0.217, 0.891] g/100g; Selenium = 14.2 [5.9, 30.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 36.1 [12.4, 109.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.825 [0.582, 1.152] mg/100g (wet weight);
